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Bois Protat
The woodblock fragment Bois Protat ((:bwɑ pʁɔta) ("Protat wood()"); also Protat block or Protat woodblock, ) is a fragmentary woodblock for printing, and the images on it are the oldest surviving woodcut images from the Western world. It is cut on both sides, with a scene from Christ's crucifixion on the recto, and a kneeling angel from a presumed Annunciation scene on the verso. The crucifixion scene likely consisted of three or more blocks; the surviving block fragment features Longinus the Roman centurion at the Crucifixion, shown speaking with a banderole, a mediaeval precursor to the modern speech balloon containing his words.
The Bois Protats name comes from the Mâconnais printer Jules Protat who acquired the block after its discovery in 1898 near La Ferté Abbey in Saône-et-Loire, France, where it was wedged under a stone floor. Because of such poor preservation, only a quarter of the block has survived, and only one side was able to withstand making prints at the time of discovery. It is kept in the Department of Prints and Photographs at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, the National Library of France in Paris.
==Description==
A fragment remains of the Bois Protat, a walnut woodblock engraved on both sides for printing on cloth or paper. One side is a fragment of a Crucifixion scene. Part of the cross with the left arm of Christ is visible; to the right two Roman soldiers and a centurion stand speaking. A phylactery, or speech scroll, emanates from the centurion's mouth and contains the Latin text, "''ラテン語:Vere filius Dei erat iste''" ("This was really the son of God"), as written in the Vulgate translation of Matthew . On the reverse side remains a kneeling angel, probably part of an Annunciation scene.
Judging from the Crucifixion fragment, coming from a very commonly depicted scene, it is thought that only a quarter to a third of the original block remains. The surface of the complete scene is believed to have been about , which is larger than contemporary paper sizes, indicating it may have been intended for printing on cloth, as was already common with patterns for clothing textiles. It is usually thought that it was intended for printing cloth altar frontals or hangings. It is rare for such a block to be carved with images on both sides, and was likely not intended to be printed using a press, as that would have defaced one side.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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